Magnesium for Atrial Fibrillation, Myth or Magic?

Low magnesium levels have been implicated as a risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, like many interventions before it, supplementing magnesium levels does not necessarily lead to a successful cardioversion or better prevention of AF in high-risk groups. This issue is clinically important in view of the high burden that AF poses, the increasing incidence of AF, and the association of AF with adverse long-term clinical outcomes. AF is not only prevalent in the general population (≈3%, with much higher rates in older patients) but also a frequent comorbidity and risk factor in patients with a range of cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure and after cardiac surgery. Identifying practical and effective methods for managing AF is a clinical imperative.